The Sun is Setting on Phoenix
Summary (Oct 12, 2008): NASA's Phoenix Lander is continuing to analyze the soil of Mars, providing further indications that liquid water was present at the surface. This is the first step in determining if Mars was once habitable for life as we know it.

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The Sun is Setting on Phoenix

Based on a NASA news release

This image taken by the Optical Microscope on Phoenix shows soil sprinkled from the lander's scoop onto a silicone substrate. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona. Credits: Berkeley

As fall approaches Mars' northern plains, NASA's Phoenix Lander continues to dig into the red planet's soil and deliver samples to its onboard science instruments for analysis.

Over the past two weeks, Phoenix's nearly 2.4-meter-long (8 foot) arm moved a rock named "Headless" about 0.4 meters (16 inches) and snapped an image of the rock with its camera. Then the robotic arm scraped the soil underneath the rock and delivered a few teaspoonfuls of soil onto the lander's optical and atomic-force microscopes. These microscopes are part of Phoenix's Microscopy, Electrochemistry and Conductivity Analyzer.

Scientists are conducting preliminary analysis of this soil sample, nicknamed "Captain Hessian." The soil piqued their interest because it may contain a high concentration of salts, said Phoenix mission scientist Diana Blaney of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.

As water evaporates in arctic and arid environments on Earth, it leaves behind salt, which can be found under or around rocks, Blaney said. "That's why we wanted to look under Headless, to see if there's a higher concentration of salts there." These salts could indicate that liquid water was once present on Mars, possibly providing a habitat for life.

Evidence for water ice on Mars. These color images were acquired on Sols 20 and 24 (June 15 and 19, 2008), and show sublimation of ice. In the lower left corner of the left image, a group of lumps is visible. In the right image, the lumps have disappeared, similar to the process of evaporation. Click image for larger view. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Texas A&M University

Phoenix scientists also want to analyze a hard, icy layer beneath the Martian soil surface. Excavating to that icy layer underneath a rock might give scientists clues about processes affecting the ice. So the robotic arm has dug into a trench called "La Mancha" in part to see how deep the Martian ice table is.

The Phoenix team also plans to dig a trench laterally across some of the existing trenches to reveal a cross section, or profile, of the soil's icy layer.

"We hope to learn more about how the ice depth is controlled by physical processes," said Phoenix co-investigator Mike Mellon of the University of Colorado, Boulder. "By looking at how ice depth varies, we can pin down how it got there."

The Phoenix lander, originally planned for a three-month mission on Mars, is now in its fifth month. The lander's weather instruments have detected water-ice haze clouds in the northern martian sky, and temperatures are getting colder as the daylight hours wane.

Phoenix faces an increasing drop in solar energy as the sun dips longer below the martian horizon. Mission engineers and scientists expect this power decline to curtail activities in the coming weeks. As darkness deepens, Phoenix will become primarily a weather station. The lander will likely cease all activity by the end of the year.

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander used its Robotic Arm during the mission's 15th martian day since landing (June 9, 2008) to test a "sprinkle" method for delivering small samples of soil to instruments on the lander deck. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona/Texas A&M

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Related Web Sites

Astrobiology Roadmap Goal 2: Life in Our Solar System
Phoenix Shake and Bake
Sprinkle to Taste
Eager for that First Taste of Mars
Martian Touchdown
Mars Cold Goes Down Deep

Note: Mars Life

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Sunday, October 12, 2008