Geology

Scientists say the early Earth was likely to be barren, flat and almost entirely under water with a few small islands, following their analysis of tiny mineral grains as old as 4.4 billion years.

Experimental findings could guide search for exoplanets that may harbor life.

The finding adds evidence to one side of a long-standing debate on how magma from the Earth's mantle cools to form the lower layers of crust.

A team of scientists has found evidence confirming a critical theory of how the planets in our solar system behave in their orbits around the sun.

Geochemist Matt Jackson finds the hottest, most buoyant mantle plumes draw from a primordial reservoir deep in the Earth.

Researchers in Japan say they may be one step closer to solving the mystery at the core of the Earth.

The oceanic crust produced by the Earth today is significantly thinner than crust made 170 million years ago during the time of the supercontinent Pangea.

A new study confirms a major feature in the formation of large igneous provinces -- massive worldwide volcanic eruptions that triggered mass extinctions from 170 to 90 million years ago.

Understanding how carbon dissolves in water at the molecular level under extreme conditions is critical to understanding the Earth’s deep carbon cycle—a process that ultimately influences global climate change.

Life took hold on land at least as early as 3.2 billion years ago, according to a new study published in the journal Geology.